Moreover, hyperglycemia elevates ROS in hippocampal neuronal cells resulting in a decrease in ATP activity and increase in Caspase-3 and 9 leading to Caspase-dependent apoptosis (Russell et al., 1999), which was evident in this study using immunohistochemical staining with anti-capsase-3 antibody, a marker of apoptosis. The gene discussed is CASP3; the disease is Hyperglycemia.