SNAI1 and lung carcinoma: Moreover, an upregulation of APC and β-catenin was shown to significantly increase the levels of matrix MMP-9 and MMP-2 (members of the metalloproteinase family) expression and downregulate E-cadherin, Snail1, and Zeb1 expression, which ultimately resulted in EMT and bone metastasis in lung cancer (32, 33).