Personalized cancer treatments based on modified T cells with high anti-cancer specificity, either by immunoengineering CAR-T cell technologies100 or by isolating naturally occurring, rare anti-tumor T cells, are already under clinical trials, including immune checkpoint blockade (PD1-PD-L1) trials101 that involve T-cell engineering for immunotherapy, and show great promise for personalized cancer treatments. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.