TLR4 and colitis: Our present results showed that the percentage of CD11b+F4/80+TLR4+ macrophages of colitis mice increased significantly and the protein expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, NF-κBp65, p38MAPK, MyD88, and AP-1 in mouse colonic tissues were increased significantly, suggesting that TLRs signaling-mediated macrophage activation is involved in the pathogenesis of colitis.