BRAF and melanoma: Lehmann et al. (2019) identified recurrent MAP3K8 rearrangement in more than 15% of melanomas without known driver mutations using fluorescence in situ hybridization, only occurring in 1.7% of TCGA melanomas. However, MAP3K8 rearrangement is rarely reported in ccRCC. In melanomas, MAP3K8 overexpression could cause concomitant resistance to BRAF inhibitors through a MEK-dependent mechanism that does not require BRAF activation upstream, thus increasing sensitivity to MEK or ERK inhibitors (Johannessen et al., 2010; Lehmann et al., 2019; Newman et al., 2019).