Moreover, studies have found that anti-tumor cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes could be promoted in cancer patients through activation of TLR-mediated MAPK and NFKB signaling pathways (Chen Y. et al., 2017), suggesting whether TLR pathway regulates functions of TILs via MAP3K8 cascades need to be further studied. The gene discussed is MAP3K8; the disease is cancer.