Interestingly, the same transcription factors are also emerging as key regulators for the expression of mediators such as cytokines (TNF-α), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL6, GRO, CXCL8, CXCL11), and growth factors (GM-CSF) in cancer cells (50, 52, 53, 60–63). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.