To this end, GSEA analysis of common signaling pathways that antagonize IFNG found an enrichment of IL4, FAS/FASL, TGF-beta, VEGF, IL10, and immune checkpoint pathways in the IFNGrGS score-high group, with the IL4 pathway (PID), IL4 signaling pathway (WP), cancer immunotherapy by PD1 blockade (WP), CTLA4 pathway (Biocarta), and primary immunodeficiency (KEGG) had average NES values over 2.0 (Figure 3E), further validated our conjecture that the adaptive immune response was activated but suppressed with increased IFNGrGS score. Here, IL4 is linked to cancer.