Out of all the cytokines, chemokines, and defensins, diabetes specifically altered (1) TLR2-induced secretion of IL-10, IL-1Ra, IL-17, and SDF-1; and (2) TLR4-induced secretion of IL-12, IL-9, IL-33, MCP-1, and SDF-1. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and diabetes mellitus.