TNF and infection: Similarly, Wang et al. (2020) found that virulent SY18 ASFV infection induced a robust and sustained elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, RANTES, and IP-10) from 3 days post-infection (dpi) and a secondary drastic increase including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 and IL-10 at the terminal phase of infection in domestic pigs.