Our research also identified that most of strong PAC channels of the inter- and pre-seizure periods were located inside the resection margin and were important for a seizure-free prognosis after surgery, while part of the strong PAC channels in case E and L was unresected, and their prognosis was only Engel III, which further confirmed that PAC is a potential biomarker for epileptic seizures. This evidence concerns the gene PACC1 and Seizure.