FMR1 and Rett syndrome: Amongst the single-gene disorders, Fragile X Syndrome (FXS, caused by a triplet repeat expansion mutation in the FMR1 gene and subsequent loss of its protein product, FMRP) and the Rett syndrome (RTT, mutations in the MECP2 gene resulting in loss of MECP2 protein identified in 95% of the cases) are the most prevalent.