In Western blot analysis, the expression levels of CTCF, DPP4, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N in the NAFLD cell model were also decreased by si-DPP4, which conformed with the effect of si-CTCF and gardenoside (Figures 8E,F). Here, IL1B is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.