DPP4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Furthermore, the results of Western blot showed that the protein expression levels of CTCF, DPP4, ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, and GSDMD-N in the NAFLD model mice were upregulated compared with the mice in the control group, while in the mice treated with gardenoside or si-CTCF their expression levels were downregulated (Figures 9P,Q).