ANXA2 and viral infectious disease: However, annexin A2 can serve as a site of adhesion and entry for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and rickettsia resulting in pro-inflammatory actions by causing apoptosis and release of inflammatory cytokines (Kirschnek et al., 2005; Miyahara et al., 2009; Jolly et al., 2014; He et al., 2019), may enable viral infection and replication (Taylor et al., 2018), and excessive angiogenesis induced by annexin A2 may induce tissue damage (Liu and Hajjar, 2016).