Moreover, we further found that both Nqo1-AS1 human homologue and Nqo1 mRNA were up-regulated in PBMCs of patients with COPD compared to the healthy controls, and both Nqo1-AS1 human homologue and Nqo1 were not only positively correlated with smoking amount of patients with COPD, but also positively correlated with each other. The gene discussed is NQO1; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.