LAMP1 and infection: Birmingham et al. demonstrated that colocalization between LC3-positive bacteria and LAMP-1 decreases in Atg5-deficient MEFs during S. Typhimurium infection [20]; in addition, they found that Atg5-deficient MEFs display uncontrolled intracellular growth of S. Typhimurium, indicating that autophagy plays an important role in controlling intracellular S. Typhimurium growth during infection.