Also, PIGN gene expression upregulation was associated with an increase in MAD1 gene expression in AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) patients (P1 and P2) bearing a PIGN mutation (i.e. partial intron retention mutation between exons 14 and 15) (Fig. 2K)15. Here, PIGN is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.