Lower PCSK9 concentration was significantly associated with the following clinical endpoints (Fig. 3, Supplementary Table 6): CHD (OR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.59–0.81), any stroke (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.69–0.91), any ischemic stroke (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76–0.97), large artery stroke (OR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.47–0.87), HF (OR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.71–0.87), AF (OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83–0.97), CKD (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.72–0.94), MS (OR 0.69 95% CI: 0.50–0.96), and increased risk of asthma (OR 1.97, 95% CI: 1.56–2.48) and AD (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.93–3.06). Here, PCSK9 is linked to chronic kidney disease.