C5 and nephrotic syndrome: The researchers cultured dental pulp cells with 1 nM C5a and detected the expression of DMP-1, and 1 nM C5a equivalent to 8.3 μg/ml [34], Other research reported that the nephrotic syndrome patients with relapse showed a higher serum C5a level (77.25 ng/ml) compared to remission status (36.93 ng/ml).