PAPPA and metabolic syndrome: Based on the parameters available in at first trimester, a backward stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify potential predictors of LGA among 14 relevant independent variables (age, parity, Italian place of origin, pre-pregnancy BMI, preexisting diabetes mellitus, HDL, TG, insulin, PAPP-A, PlGF, IL-6, inhibin A, fetal cardiac frequency and metabolic syndrome).