While IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-8 significantly declined after 1 year of MDR-TB treatment (p<0.05 for all), they remained significantly higher versus controls without Mtb infection, suggesting increases in systemic inflammation remained even after 1 year of treatment (p<0.05 for all; Fig 6F–6H). The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is tuberculosis.