Thereby, upon bacterial infection,LPS is recognized by the complex composed of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2); as a result ofthe LPS recognition, the TLR4–MD2 complex triggers a pro-inflammatoryresponse in order to provide an immediate host defense against invadingbacteria.7,17,22,24,79,81,89 This immune response is advantageousfor eliminating bacteria as long as it is controlled. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.