INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We therefore conducted a large, multisite retrospective cohort study designed to assess occurrence of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, stroke (cardiovascular accident [CVA]), and hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) in adults with type 2 diabetes receiving long-acting insulin who did or did not add short-acting insulin after a qualifying hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of 6.8% to 8.5% (to convert HbA1c to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01).