Similarly, in patients with T2DM and the metabolic syndrome, aerobic plus resistance‐combined physical exercise for 1 year decreased serum levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and interferon‐γ, but reversely increased serum levels of anti‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐10, thus indicating that exercise has a full anti‐inflammatory effect in T2DM (Balducci et al., 2010). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic syndrome.