CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The POPLAR study and OAK studies demonstrated that NSCLC patients who received atezolizumab (one of immune checkpoint inhibitors) as second-line therapy had significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) compared with docetaxel patients, regardless of PD-L1 expression or histology (Fehrenbacher et al., 2016; Rittmeyer et al., 2017).