These include hemoglobinopathies (Hb S, Hb D, methemoglobinemia), hemolysis, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nitrates, drugs (dapsone, methylene blue, benzene derivates, vitamin C excess), hereditary spherocytosis, hemodialysis, phlebotomy, and posterior to blood transfusion. Here, GSTM1 is linked to methemoglobinemia.