As it is also known that the presence of auto-antibodies against ApoA-1 is closely associated with disease activity or incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis23,24, we expected the plasma level of ApoA-1 to be a novel biomarker of TAK. Here, APOA1 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.