TNF and Insulin resistance: In addition, previous studies reported that HFD provoked insulin resistance-driven adipose remodeling, which often overwhelmed in chronic condition causing numerous macrophages invasion surrounding the dead adipocytes, thus triggering a crosstalk between the lipid, macrophages and toll like receptors located on the macrophages with consequent induction of proinflammatory cytokines59,60 as validated in the present study with elevated levels of circulating and adipose TNF-α and IL-6 in obese animals compared to the control group.