VCAM1 and inflammatory bowel disease: In several USMI studies, mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1-targeted MBs, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-targeted MBs, and dual-selectin-targeted (targeting P- and E-selectin in vascular endothelium) MBs were reported to be able to assess inflammatory severity in IBD models(Wang et al. 2013; Tlaxca et al. 2013; Bachmann et al. 2006).