Neurotoxicity, immune effector cell-associated neurologic syndrome (ICANS), has been observed to develop after CRS and appears to be an adverse effect related to, among others, CD19-directed therapies [111, 112] since a similar spectrum of toxic effects have been observed with blinatumomab, which is a bispecific anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody [113]. Here, CD19 is linked to toxic encephalopathy.