ELANE and COVID-19: By further investigation the 1168 drug–target–pathway interactions (Table 1 in Figure 5C), we identified four drugs (including bortezomib, boceprevir, sivelestat and telaprevir) from the 245 potential drugs and these four drugs can target the human leukocyte elastase (ELANE) to inhibit lupus related pathway (Supplementary Table S4), which was associated with COVID-19 (Figure 3D, I and K) and was activated in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection (Supplementary Figure S5B).