Nano-sapper, which consists of a core that is co-loaded with anti-fibrotic phosphate-modified α-mangostin and a plasmid encoding immune enhanced cytokine-a, a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily LIGHT (tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14, TNFSF14, CD258), was used to treat pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-bearing mice. Here, TNFSF14 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.