We conclude that both the unarmed MYXV platform and the TNF-expressing MYXV each contributed to rapid innate cytokine responses soon after systemic virus dosing with ex vivo-loaded PBMCs in tumor-bearing mice, but that the TNF transgene uniquely induced both upregulation and downregulation of key host cytokines that can be correlated with improved anti-tumor efficacy (Figure 6D). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.