Compared with controls, patients with UCC or CIN had a higher proportion of Th17 cells and FoxP3-expressing T cells, and when the ratio of Th17/FoxP3-expressing T cells in TILs was decreased in individual cases, it was more markedly decreased in TILs of patients than in normal cervical tissues. This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.