ACE and atrial fibrillation: After adjusted for age at implantation, sex, ICD primary prevention, ICD indication, LVEF, LVEDD, diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), myocardial infarction (MI), prior AF, preimplant syncope, use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs), aldosterone antagonists, loop-diuretics, and digoxin, the results remained consistent.