Meanwhile, some signaling pathways were also dysregulated in CCs from PCOS patients, such as the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which are known to be related to PCOS, involving insulin resistance and excessive androgen production (Nelson-Degrave et al., 2005; Hojlund et al., 2008; Aydos et al., 2016; Li et al., 2017). Here, AKT1 is linked to Insulin resistance.