PDPI score = 28.806 (if male)+ 44.442 (if age ≥ 75 years)+ 50.53188 (if BMI < 25 kg/m2)+ 52.66696 (if HbA1c ≥ 9%)+ 31.64817 (if has renal insufficiency)+ 100 (if COPD)+ 77.05523 (if hypertension)+ 58.0313 (if CHD)+ 67.4955 (if cancer)+ 43.83994 (if use insulin as treatment of diabetes). Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.