CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: However, despite improvements in overall survival with first-line ICI monotherapy relative to platinum-based chemotherapy for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-expressing advanced NSCLC (5–7), only a minority of patients with NSCLC may respond to ICI monotherapy (8), highlighting the need to develop more effective strategies to improve the efficacy of ICIs.