Recent findings by Nascimento et al. showed a higher frequency of TDP-43 pathology in cognitively healthy Asian Americans compared to Caucasians living in Brazil (107); similarly, Hardiman et al. (95) described a higher frequency of C9orf72 repeat expansions in an Irish FTD-ALS cohort compared to a similar cohort in Cuba, suggesting possible differences in FTD-related neuropathology and neurodegeneration according to ethnicity. Here, C9orf72 is linked to frontotemporal dementia.