JUNB and hepatocellular carcinoma: In keeping with these data, treatment of macrophages cultured in the presence of conditioned medium collected from the hepatoma cells, Hepa1-6, with the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A decreased the expression of JunB mRNA whereas, exposure of macrophages to the autophagy inducer rapamycin increased JunB mRNA expression (Fig. 4E bottom panel).