Compared with untreated CAF-CM, autophagy-inhibited CAF-CM abrogated CAFs’ effect on EMT status of lung cancer cells, evidenced by upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin, downregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin at both mRNA and protein levels (Fig. 4A–C). Here, VIM is linked to lung carcinoma.