In the present study, we demonstrate that TGF-β upregulates the expression of MRTF-A, which facilitates the binding of NF-κB/p65 rather than SRF to the PD-L1 promoter, thereby activating the transcription and expression of PD-L1 and allowing for the immune escape of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.