In the multivariate model, LMW-F determinants were smoking, prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), Caucasian ethnicity, eGFR, uric acid, prior microvascular disease, cystatin C, diastolic BP, HOMA2-IR, HbA1c and diabetes duration (all p ≤ 0.01). The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is diabetes mellitus.