In univariate analyses, LMW-F levels (continuous variable) were weakly associated with age, Caucasian ethnicity, diabetes duration, HbA1c, BMI (inverse), blood pressure, prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease, smoking status, insulin use, uric acid (inverse) and kidney dysfunction (positive associations with plasma creatinine, cystatin C, urine albumin-creatinine ratio and homocysteine, and negative association with eGFR) (r = 0.02–0.16, all p ≤ 0.02). The gene discussed is CST3; the disease is cardiovascular disorder.