The pathological reduced binding of LRRK2 to 14-3-3s may lead to different functional outcomes, such as an increased activity of LRRK298,158, re-localization, and accumulation of LRRK2 into cytoplasmic pools reminiscent of those observed in PD patients147, or the exclusion of LRRK2 release in exosomes (Fig. 3b, bottom left box)159. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.