PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Among these, mutations in SNCA and LRRK2 (encoding α-Synuclein (α-Syn) and LRRK2), cause autosomal dominant forms of PD closely resembling sporadic PD, while recessive mutations in PRKN, PTEN-induced kinase 1, and PARK7 genes (encoding for parkin, PINK-1, and DJ-1) cause early-onset parkinsonism115.