RAD23A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Given our results on the UPR, we next explored the ERAD in human preadipocytes and observed a marked up-regulation of proteins involved in all the steps comprising this process, including protein recognition (BIP;Figure 6A), retrotranslocation through the ER membrane (DERL1, SEC61A1, STT3A, and STT3B; Figure 6B), ubiquitination (HRD1 and RNF185; Figure 6C), and targeting of misfolded proteins to the proteasome (RAD23A and UBQLN1; Figure 6D) in IR/T2D vs. NG obesity.