Lastly, this study identified genes such as IKZF1-5, CLK1, FRS2, HNRNPD, HSPH1, ITGAE, MKI67, RTKN2 and SAT1 that could be used as potential biomarkers for ATLL because they are shared between our study using, Jurkat cells, and a dataset from untransformed infected CD4+ T-cell clones and ATLL samples [20,81]. Here, CLK1 is linked to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.