SYNM and cancer: For this diversity of potential functions associated with cancer development, studies have shown that SYNM genes are involved in carcinogenesis, such as, aberrant promoter methylation of the synemin gene is associated with early breast cancer recurrence,26SYNM appears in pancreatic cancer,34 the oncogene sequence of hepatocellular carcinoma,35 and synemin expression in myofibromyopathy and other muscle diseases.36