SERPINA1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: LT has been used as a successfultherapeutic intervention for a wide variety of end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular diseases, but the most common diseasesthat lead to LT are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency andpulmonary arterial hypertension.