LT has been used as a successfultherapeutic intervention for a wide variety of end-stage pulmonary parenchymal and vascular diseases, but the most common diseasesthat lead to LT are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency andpulmonary arterial hypertension. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.