When the subgroups with BVD and PAH were compared with GRK5 polymorphism genotypes (AA and AT/TT), it was evident that the HF patients with AA genotype under both the subgroups indicated lower hospitalization-free survival than those with the AT/TT genotype under both subgroups (log-rank p=0.0051; Figure 7C). This evidence concerns the gene GRK5 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.