ACOX1 and long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: PPARα agonists can significantly increase the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes, such as fatty acid transport protein (FATP), FABP, CPTI, CPTII, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCAD), ACOX, peroxisomal ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (KetoACoA), and MLYCD, further improve ΔΨm, restore ATP level, and reduce virus production [13].