On one hand, microbial components, specifically Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, have been identified as inducers of cholesterol biosynthesis in colonocytes, mediated by SREBP2 activation downstream of TLR signaling, which supports dysplasia and CRC development in a mouse model, and is consistent with elevated levels of this bacteria in the stool of CRC patients (Tsoi et al., 2017). The gene discussed is SREBF2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.